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I have the belief that there is a limited amount of ambition and engineering expertise per capita that ultimately caps the technology level. I think a bunch of industrial tech levels have only been maintained by the ascendancy of China. No ambition or real engineering talent has been directed towards building ships in the US since the 1940s.
So basically we have a bunch of people focused on the world of bits instead of atoms?
China still can't build a jet engine the way CFM, P&W, GE or Rolls can.
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Generally, yes. There are areas where America does do well enough at physical manufacturing to be an exporter. Weapons, medical devices, cars, planes, etc.
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But why can't we own ships that were built in China or Japan or Germany or wherever? The USA has money and shipping companies.
On top of being American built, the ships must also be crewed by Americans.
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The Jones Act requires the ships be built in the United States.
What is the actual definition of 'built in the United States'? Does it actually prohibit towing in a ship from a Chinese or Japanese shipyard and installing the transponder in LA or wherever and calling it 'American Made'?
Yes, Zvi's post links to an article that discusses it some. There's a certain (large) percentage of the ships parts that have to be fabricated in America. It also discusses a court case where a shipping company tried to buy a pre-fab "ship kit" from South Korea and just assemble it in America. A court ruled that was not Jones Act compliant.
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There are detailed and specific rules. Their way around it usually involves assembling a kit of stuff made in other countries.
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Apparently, the law does not provide a definition, so the Coast Guard's regulations control.
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