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OK, so more systems think of themselves as meritocratic than actually are. I would agree with you that any conception of merit will be corrupted; corruption is a fact of life and human nature. But there are certainly explicitly non-meritocratic systems such as inherited aristocracies, racial spoils systems, or seniority systems.
Those systems tend to be framed as meritocratic internally though.
"Of course the aristocrats should run things, they are literally better than everyone else due to superior breeding (blood)"
"Of course we need to distribute things between the races, they are equal in their merits and so need equal rewards."
"Of course the most experienced people are in charge, they're the best at their job because they know it better than anyone."
Or for the credentialists: "Of course those with the highest credentials should run things, the credentials show that they're the best in their field."
Or for the IQists:
"Of course the smartest should be on top, smarter people are better than everyone else due to their superior inherent abilities."
I can't think of a system which a typical adherent doesn't frame as meritocratic. The question is always how to determine merit, which if you ever hired for a job you know isn't particularly easy.
The Catholic Church does not claim to be meritocratic, it claims divine right.
That is still meritocratic with one extra step; they're meritorious because they've been appointed to the job by God, who's the supreme judge of merit.
And that is not how the Catholic Church conceives of itself either; the leadership being directly chosen by God is foreign to actual members of the church hierarchy.
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I think it's a dumb point because 'meritocracy' pretty much always refers to a form of IQ meritocracy (even in a modified way) in regular life. There are a handful of exceptions (modelling, professional sports, performing arts) but in 99% of cases "meritocracy" means "meritocracy of intellectual ability". The term as generally used precludes a focus on non-IQ-based hierarchies for the most part.
"From each according to his ability, to each according to his ability"
I think it does currently in some circles, but generally uses a more all-encompassing definition of merit. The 120 IQ guy who can stay focused and always be on time has more merit than the 130 IQ guy who never shows up or gets anything done. The 100 IQ guy with masterful social charisma has more merit than the 105 IQ guy with anger issues. IQ is a big factor, but not the only one.
In this way, I think merit usually just means "tendency to produce value" in whatever way the institution produces value. Attractiveness for the porn stars, charisma for the salesmen etc. High IQ correlates with all other forms of merit yes, but not extremely strongly so, especially within the range 90% of people fall into. The average used car salesman is a whole lot more charismatic than the average programmer, while the programmer is much smarter.
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