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Notes -
But seriously: apartheid-era South Africa attempted to do pretty much exactly this. The plan was to establish separate, independent, sovereign states for blacks to live in, with blacks being allowed to enter white South Africa only temporarily as "guest workers". A fun bit of historical trivia: by the end of apartheid, the South African government had declared 4 such "black homelands" to be independent*, and had deemed some others "self-governing", with an eye towards eventual independence. As far as I know, this is one of only 2 cases of a post-WWII nation-state willingly separating from, and granting sovereignty to, a part of its territory (the other being Singapore's expulsion from Malaysia in 1965, though I suppose the Velvet Divorce could arguably count as well).
Related to the foregoing, apartheid South Africa also had a kind of internal passport system which allowed blacks to be present in urban areas only with government permission, which was generally granted only for purposes of employment by a white employer.
*a claim recognized by no other national government, nor by the UN
They wanted to establish some white enclaves at the end of apartheid, iirc, but the ANC wouldn't have any of it.
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Wonder with the benefit of hindsight if they’d do it all again but resist caving to the sanctions
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So basically, it's similar to what the Chinese do today, except without the eventual sovereignty part.
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