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I think the people decrying the deep state were getting at the notion that Trump was put under an isolated demand for rigor, and that if he aligned with their ideology, they would not have been as obstructive. The essay about resisting Trump from inside his administration was notable for a reason, and it was a man who didn't even work directly for Trump, but for his DHS secretary.
I think there is a degree of truth to that (certainly many people within the government disliked Trump and opposed him, passive-aggressively if not with outright insubordination), but I think this is dramatically overstated by his followers. Every president has had to contend with an entrenched bureaucracy that is willing to wait them out, in a system that's set up to make it hard for presidents to just sweep away all opposition to their agenda.
But has it been to the extent Trump was scrutinized? It seems kind of obvious that he was different and repulsive to the people who made up the administration's staff in a way previous presidents were not.
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I'm struggling to think of examples of, e.g., Obama being hamstrung by uncooperative executive bureaucracies.
I do think that at the point that generals are lying to the President and deliberately disobeying directives, that rises to a level of insubordination worthy of being called exceptional.
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