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Notes -
It probably wouldn't look too different. Most of the megacap tech companies are very profitable. And the S&P 500 already has a profitability filter that keeps out the worst garbage.
On the other hand, something like 40% of the Russell 2000 companies (ranked #1001–3000 by market cap) are unprofitable. A significant percent are essentially zombies, kept afloat by cheap debt and shareholder dilution.
In the last 20 years, stock market breadth has been decimated by software eating the world. I wouldn't be surprised if software has captured >100% of the increase in corporate profits in the last 20 years, with non-software being in a deep depression.
Actually, according to this (not-very-trustworthy-looking) website, it would look quite different.
Very lazy assessment of the 28 companies that are in the top twenty of either capitalization or profit
Some notable differences:
Apple: 12.9 % of capitalization, 6.5 % of profit (6.4-% decrease)
Nvidia: 11.2 % of capitalization, 4.0 % of profit (7.3-% decrease)
Microsoft: 10.9 % of capitalization, 6.0 % of profit (4.9-% decrease)
Amazon: 7.9 % of capitalization, 3.4 % of profit (4.6-% decrease)
Saudi Aramco: 6.0 % of capitalization, 12.0 % of profit (6.0-% increase)
Berkshire Hathaway: 3.3 % of capitalization, 7.6 % of profit (4.4-% increase)
CEMIG: 0.0 % of capitalization, 14.2 % of profit (14.2-% increase)
Toyota: 0.8 % of capitalization, 2.3 % of profit (1.5-% increase)
If you pick the most extreme companies by any two metrics, even highly correlated ones, they'll exhibit that kind of divergence, because the tails come apart (you'll also select for anomalies like data entry errors or fraud).
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No, this isn't accurate.
Saudi Aramco, CEMIG?, and Toyota are not members of the S&P 500.
Also, the numbers for CEMIG defy logic and are likely the result of some sort of currency translation or data entry error.
Sincerely and Bah Humbug! -Ebeneezer Scrooge
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