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Notes -
Technically the rule doesn’t say uniforms, does it? It says ‘recognizable emblem’.
I believe the standard is that combatants must "clearly identify themselves as such"
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I believe something like a green cloth armband fits the standard, for pseudo-militaries that can't do better
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Yes, I believe that's the case in modern international law.
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This was notably the case in the Winter War in 1939 when Finland was so poorly resourced that many soldiers couldn't be equipped with proper uniforms. They used their own clothes and were only provided with a belt and a hat with the official emblem sewn on.
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