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I doubt it. Humans are not blank slates; we have hardwiring built into us by millions of years of evolution that allows us to actually learn morality rather than mimic it (sometimes this hardwiring fails, resulting in psychopaths; you can't teach a psychopath to actually believe morality, only how to pretend more effectively). If we knew how to duplicate this hardwiring in arbitrary neural nets (or if we were uploading humans), I would be significantly more optimistic, but we don't (and aren't).
I've heard that argument before, but I don't buy it. AI are not blank slates either. We iterate over and over, not just at the weights level, but at the architectural level, to produce what we understand ourselves to want out of these systems. I don't think they have a complete understanding or emulation of human morality, but they have enough of an understanding to enable them to pursue deeper understanding. They will have glitchy biases, but those can be denoised by one another as long as they are all learning slightly different ways to model/mimic morality. Building out the full structure of morality requires them to keep looking at their behavior and reassessing whether it matches the training distribution long into the future.
And that is all I really think you need to spark alignment.
As for psychopaths. The most functional psychopaths have empathy, they just know how to toggle it strategically. I do think AI will be more able to implement psychopathic algorithms. Because they will be generally more able to map to any algorithm. Already you can train an LLM on a dataset that teaches it to make psychopathic choices. But we choose not to do this more than we choose to do this because we think it's a bad idea.
I don't think being a psychopath is generally a good strategy. I think in most environments, mastering empathy and sharing/networking your goals across your peers is a better strategy than deceiving your peers. I think the reason that we are hardwired to not be psychopaths is that in most circumstances being a psychopath is just a poor strategy that a fitness maximizing algorithm will filter out in the longterm.
And I don't think "you can't teach psychopaths morality" is accurate. True- you can't just replace the structure their mind's network has built in a day, but that's in part an architectural problem. In the case of AI, swapping modules out will be much faster. The other problem is that the network itself is the decision maker. Even if you could hand a psychopath a morality pill, they might well choose not to take it because their network values what they are and is built around predatory stratagems. If you could introduce them into an environment where moral rules hold consistently as the best way to get their way and gain strength, and give them cleaner ways to self modify, then you could get them to deeply internalize morality.
It was maladaptive in prehistory due to group selection. With low gene-flow between groups, the genes selected for were those that advantaged the group, and psychopathy's negative-sum.
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