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While this is true, unlike many republics, Canada's provinces have a huge degree of power that even many other federations don't usually have. When Canada merged the western provinces into the Federation in 1867 they gave many powers that didn't seem consequential at the time into the hands of the provinces, ones that they probably wished they hadn't done so in hindsight. Civil rights, for example, is in large part up to provincial discretion. Education in all forms as well. So in theory there is only so much the federal government could enforce, and it's not just a matter of keeping one opposing party in check, but many in different provinces.
Honestly, Sask.'s recent actions on this front. Have me conflicted about its use of the Notwithstanding Clause to brute force its own view of education/civil rights.
On the one hand the potential for abuse and tyranny seem obvious. On the other hand, I honestly don't trust the federal government or judiciary. If you told me Canadian elites watched TV for stuff that couldn't get passed in the US to try to pull I'd believe you.
They really shouldn't need to have used this (and I find it strange they went that route, since a lot of this is just "Conservatives driving the speed limit"- of course, the fact that it limits transitions of children of non-progressive parents is the thing trans advocates are angriest about for what should be obvious reasons), but I don't trust Ottawa not to try anything for a base that could really use a "fighting oppression" narrative right about now.
Provinces don't have the power to override the federal Criminal Code, so all an unfriendly government would have to do is make it illegal for a parent to not sign the consent form, then enforce that law with the usual prejudice. Or just pull federal funding for programs in non-compliant provinces; SK is better off than Atlantic Canada but it's still a weaker province.
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