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Biology isn't magic, viruses can't max out all relevant traits at once, they're pretty optimized as is. I find the idea of superbugs a nerdsnipe, like grey goo or a strangelet disaster, a way to intimidate people who don't have the intuition about physical bounds and constraints and like to play with arrow notation.
(All these things scare the shit out of me)
Yes we can make much better viruses, no there isn't such an advantage for the attacker, especially in the world of AI that can rapidly respond by, uh, deploying stuff we already know works.
Consider that the first strain of myxomatosis introduced to Australian rabbits had a fatality rate of 99.8%. That’s the absolute minimum on what the upper bound for virus lethality should be. AI designs won’t be constrained by natural selection either.
Yes, it's an interesting data point. Now, consider that rabbits have only one move in response to myxomatosis: die. Or equivalently: pray to Moloch that he has sent them a miraculously adaptive mutation. They can't conceive of an attack happening, so the only way it can fail is by chance.
Modern humans are like that in some ways, but not with regard to pandemics.
Does this strike you as something that'd wipe out modern humanity just because an infection would be 100% fatal?
Do you think it's just a matter of fiddling with nucleotide sequences and picking up points left on the sidewalk by evolution, Pandemic Inc. style, to make a virus that has a long incubation period, asymptomatic spread, is very good at airborne transmission and survives UV and elements, for instance? Unlike virulence, these traits are evolutionarily advantageous. And so we already have anthrax, smallpox, measles. I suspect they're close to the limits of the performance envelope allowed by relevant biochemistry and characteristic scales; close enough that computation won't get us much closer than contemporary wet lab efforts, and so it's not the bottleneck to the catastrophe.
Importantly, tool AIs – which, contra Yud's predictions, have started being very useful before displaying misaligned agency – will reduce the attack surface by improving our logistics and manufacturing, monitoring, strategizing, communications… The world of 2025 with uninhibited AI adoption, full of ambient DNA sensors, UV filters, decent telemedicine and full-stack robot delivery, would not get rekt by COVID. It probably wouldn't even get fazed by MERS-tier COVID. And seeing as there exist fucking scary viruses that may one day naturally jump to, or be easily modified to target humans, we may want to hurry.
People underestimate the potential vast upside of a early Singularity economics, that which must be secured, the way a more productive – but still recognizable – world could be more beautiful, safe and humane. The negativity bias is astounding: muh lost jerbs, muh art, crisis of meaning, corporations bad, what if much paperclip. Boresome killjoys.
(To an extent I'm also vulnerable to this critique).
But my real source of skepticism is on the meta level.
Real-world systems rapidly gain complexity, create nontrivial feedback loops, dissipative dynamics on many levels of organization, and generally drown out propagating aberrant signals and replicators. This is especially true for systems with responsive elements (like humans). If it weren't the case, we'd have had 10 apocalyptic happenings every week. It is a hard technical question whether your climate change, or population explosion, or nuclear explosion in the atmosphere, or the worldwide Communist revolution, or the Universal Cultural Takeover, or the orthodox grey goo, or a superpandemic, or a stable strangelet, or a FOOMing superintelligence, is indeed a self-reinforcing wave or another transient eddy on the surface of history. But the boring null hypothesis is abbreviated on Solomon's ring: יזג. Gimel, Zayin, Yud. «This too shall pass».
Speaking of Yud, he despises the notion of complexity.
I think @2rafa is correct that Yud is not that smart, more like an upgraded midwit, like most people who block me on Twitter – his logorrhea is shallow, soft, and I've never felt formidability in him that I sense in many mid-tier scientists, regulars here or some of my friends (I'll object that he's a very strong writer, though; pre-GPT writers didn't have to be brilliant). But crucially he's intellectually immature, and so is the culture he has nurtured, a culture that's obsessed with relatively shallow questions. He's stuck on the level of «waow! big number go up real quick», the intoxicating insight that some functions are super–exponential; and it irritates him when they fizzle out. This happens to people with mild autism if they have the misfortune of getting nerd-sniped on the first base, arithmetic. In clinical terms that's hyperlexia II. (A seed of an even more uncharitable neurological explanation can be found here). Some get qualitatively farther and get nerd-sniped by more sophisticated things – say, algebraic topology. In the end it's all fetish fuel, not analytic reasoning, and real life is not the Game of Life, no matter how Turing-complete the latter is; it's harsh for replicators and recursive self-improovers. Their formidability, like Yud's, needs to be argued for.
Oh sure, if hypothetical actually-competent people were in charge we could implement all kinds of infectious disease countermeasures. In the real world, nobody cares about pandemic prevention. It doesn't help monkey get banana before other monkey. If the AIs themselves are making decisions on the government level, that perhaps solves the rogue biology undergrad with a jailbroken GPT-7 problem, but it opens up a variety of other even more obvious threat vectors.
-He says while speaking the global language with other members of his global species over the global communications network FROM SPACE.
Humans win because they are the most intelligent replicator. Winningness isn't an ontological property of humans. It is a property of being the most intelligent thing in the environment. Once that changes, the humans stop winning.
…I think you should read another guru, preferably one who never made it to Twitter. Prigozhin (not to be confused with the catering/suicide squad dude), Pitirim Sorokin, Kojève, maybe Wolfram if you want spicy stuff.
They are. Kamala Harris, for example, is clearly more competent than Yud. As evidence: she wins, and now is «coordinating» AI policy.
Technocratic fetishization of getting Really Serious People In Charge is tiresome once you see enough of it in the fossil record. Technocracy is unworkable and undesirable. With 10% YoY growth we'll build general-purpose pandemic countermeasures on spare change, as an afterthought, with the same clowns in charge. We do these things often. Overpasses for wild animals, prohibition on lead-laced gasoline. Just small fixes popular with the public, when extra capacity is found.
Doesn't it? What if it does?
I think it's embarrassing when Yud condescends to monke… people with that rhetoric, though I can see how identifying with his posture can make one feel wiser. He strawmans personally disliked opinions on very nontrivial questions like complexity, emergence, economic equilibria, mechanistic account of development of AI goals, optimization processes, risk tradeoffs, game theory, international treaties etc… to support a stilted predefined conclusion that relies more on intuition about tropes in irony-poisoned Anglo-Japanese millenial fiction. This isn't really all that cool. Lesswrongers may feel they've broken into the Tropeverse with all the AI stuff and it validates their world model as a whole, but it doesn't, they haven't, and it's still uncool and, more importantly, prevents them from updating on evidence.
Yeah, technological progress is cool, which is my point. It allows me to dunk on Americans from another hemisphere, even though they've invented all this crap, and they can understand me. First mover advantages do not necessarily need to centralization.
(A wild thought: thanks to AI my children will theoretically be able to not learn English, and think properly, in Russian and some other languages).
No, it's the property of being things that optimize for their welfare really well.
And before you say anything about instrumental convergence: please consider on whose behalf a realistically trained, profitable in deployment, decision-making AI assistant will pursue them.
I did not mean what I said specifically as a slight against our current rulers, but rather as a general reproach of human rationality. In the end, it's just far far easier for present-day people to imagine that future people will show concern for something, than it is for anyone in the present day to do anything differently. The former is cheap and scores lots of social points; the latter, expensive.
I have seen his Twitter replies. I do not think it is good for him to be as arrogant and condescending as he is, but I understand.
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I mean I think humans win because they are the best at making and using tools (and they are the best at using tools partly because of their raw intelligence, but also partly because of other factors, including the runaway "better tools can be used to make better tools" process).
Of course, that's not super comforting since even modern not-that-finely-tuned language models are pretty good at making and using tools.
No better tool, than a human.
Yudkowsky is worried about nothing! All we have to do to solve the alignment problem is make sure that the AI can use humans effectively as tools to accomplish its goals.
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Define "Winningness". Ants outnumber humans by something like two million to one, so maybe you need to consider the possibility that it's ants that are the superior replicators and most intelligent thing in the environment.
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I've heard it said, as an aside, from someone who wasn't in the habit of making stuff up that his virology prof said making cancer-causing viruses is scarily simple. Of course, whether the cancer-causing part would survive optimization for spread in the wild is an open question..
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