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Culture War Roundup for the week of March 17, 2025

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The United States was occupying Germany through May 1949. Anyway it cannot be that no determinations under the act are reviewable. If it is un-reviewable whether someone the president purports to deport is an enemy alien then the law authorizes the president to deport United States citizens! A plainly unconstitutional outcome.

The formal peace treaty with Germany legally ending WW2 wasn't signed until German Reunification in 1990. The Allies withdrew from most of Germany voluntarily in 1949, but remained in belligerent occupation of Berlin. West Germany never claimed sovereignty over West Berlin. East Germany's claim to East Berlin was not recognised by the UK, France or the USA, and the Soviet Union agreed not to press the issue and that the four occupying powers' troops could behave as if Berlin was still under joint occupation.

So "The US was still legally at war with Germany in 1948" was uncomplicatedly correct. The SCOUTS verdict was that if a legal state of war exists, the question of whether or not it is a real war allowing the invocation of Presidential war powers is non-justiciable.

West Germany never claimed sovereignty over West Berlin

Interesting! If I understand the Wiki article right then West Berlin representatives in the W-Germany parliament only had advisory roles and all W-Germany laws were “shadowed” by W-Berlin senate, with a few exceptions like there was no draft in Berlin had no army. Theoretically they could have gone the independent way like Singapore.

They couldn't have gone the way of Singapore without the permission of the occupying powers (arguably including the Soviet Union). The West Berlin senate was an institution of non-sovereign self-government with similar status to a Territorial legislature in the US. There was even a US Court for Berlin with a superordinate jurisdiction to the local courts established by the senate, although it only ever heard one case - as an amusing trivia point it is the only US Court for a place beginning with "B", as no state name does.

The Allies handed sovereignty over Berlin to the reunified Germany by treaty - the occupied Berliners didn't get a say in it.

I think that is a very pale reading of the case.

V-E day already occurred! There was a cease fire and surrender! Men kissed nurses on the streets of NY! The war was over. Nobody but nobody in 1949 was talking about the on going war effort. If you look at the history books, they will tell you the war ended in 1945.

There was a real question of whether the president could years after hostilities ended deport someone under the AEA. After all, the obvious reason for the act was to protect the homeland against a fifth column of sorts and in 1949 no one was concerned about that.

Despite all of that, the court said “we will not review the president’s claim.” That is very deferential.

Indeed Trump’s actions are clearly more within the ambit of what the AEA was worried about (ie foreign actor exerting physical control / damage to the homeland) compared to the post WWII fact pattern of precedent.

Could you point to the technicalities and say Ludecke is not controlling? Sure. But if you take that case seriously, then it is hard to argue the president doesn’t have the power to declare an invasion in this case.

I do agree the class question is trickier.

That question (ie is the person in the class) seems to be justiciable but potentially waived.

Tbf this isn’t a common law and no one has a strong grounding on it