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19th century immigration enhanced the fertility of Anglo-Americans because Germans and Irish began their life in the lowest economic position — indentured servants, apprentices, and some creating farming towns out of nothing. This at a time of zero public services, and obviously no DEI. Germany is also the origin of Anglo-Saxons (the angles and the saxons), and the Normans for that matter, and you can read the etymology of men like Washington and Lincoln to see where their forefathers originated. Meanwhile, Irish is so similar to non-Germanic British that DNA sites have difficulty distinguishing between them.
If hybrid vigor is our concern, then consider that India has a high rate of cousin marriage, whereas Europeans had consanguinity laws for much of their history. Look at the rate of genetic problems among Pakistanis in the UK. India has low hybrid vigor, whereas Europeans have a fair amount due to historical laws on >4th generation cousin marriages.
So if immigrants have high human capital, it's bad because they should start at the bottom. If they start at the bottom, it's bad because we're taking the worst from the rest of the world.
In actuality, the immigrants were those with enough money and sense to escape Europe, so like today's immigrants they were positively selected.
And finally, Pakistan is a very different place than India, not least for religious reasons.
We are no longer in a 7.0 TFR world, but a sub 2.0 world, meaning that any addition of immigrant either to the top or bottom is actively harmful. When TFR is high and the land is immense and farmable, then immigrants to the bottom may expedite the fertility of higher “classes”. The population of America in 1800 was only 5 million.
In a sub-2.0 world, it's ever more important to attract the best talent.
None of what you say is remotely internally consistent.
I think that depends on whether people are productive or one more body that shares in the spoils of your nations AI bounty.
Presumably a world in which people are not the majority of productivity is also one in which total fertility no longer really matters.
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