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That doesn’t matter with a correctly configured TPM though. The decryption process for the disk includes a key stored in the TPM, which is never revealed, and the TPM itself verifies the boot image (which is the thing responsible for decrypting the data).
You can definitely boot whatever you want, and even trick the user into inputting their password, but if that password is only half the decryption key, you can’t actually go in and tamper with any of the data. You could still replace it wholesale or send the password somewhere else for further attacks, so it’s not nothing, but it’s also not as bad as if the TPM was not set up to do boot attestation.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/hardware-security/tpm/tpm-fundamentals#measured-boot-with-support-for-attestation
You don't comprehend the degree of breach UEFI/bios can cause do you? The TPM itself can't verify diddly squat even over DMA if the motherboard MCU, CPU have their microcode compromised. In the worst possible scenario the implanted compromised code will simply wait for the machine to boot then start exfiltrating or altering data. And there's NOTHING you can do about it. The Intel ME is a separate processor with unrestricted access to main memory, all the registers of the processor, dma, the hdd, everything. There isn't an attestation mechanism possible for you to inspect and verify what the hell is going on in that thing if the firmware uploaded to the cpu on boot was compromised. As you'd expect from a nation state tier adversary they would have the keys to sign their own microcode patch for intel/amd.
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