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Culture War Roundup for the week of June 3, 2024

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and industry may have been dominated by a clique-ish elite who hoarded the wealth and kept the working-class down

But I don't think Russia was very industrialized—my impression was that that mostly happened with Stalin? There were many more peasant farmers.

Long hours, terrible working conditions, indifference towards injuries, low pay.

When I read this (especially including low pay), what I hear is that labor was cheap relative to the goods people wanted, unless there's something keeping the markets out. So a large part of what made lives better was labor becoming more expensive relative to the goods it can buy—employers would give more for it.

But I don't think Russia was very industrialized—my impression was that that mostly happened with Stalin? There were many more peasant farmers.

Overpopulation was one of the reasons why the revolution happened. Cities used to be population sinks, but Russian cities weren't big enough to absorb surplus peasantry. A large supply of industrial workers meant that the price of labor was low, turning the proletariat into literal incels, since the only housing they could afford was not a room, but a single bunk.

Forced land redistribution started even before the Bolsheviks took power, they were the one smart enough to legitimize and endorse it (Decree on Land). The resulting yeomanization of Russia bought them about ten years of goodwill, until peasants started switching to cash crops and fodder from wheat.