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Because a government is elected to be a representative of all German citizens. The Israeli government is likewise a representative of all Israeli citizens. If they think the government should not do X they can elect politicians to do Y. This part of being a nation state. This is of a different category entirely. If politicians elected by the German people decide that Germany is financially responsible for reparations then this is a different thing than Germans being forced to be responsible. You are conflating something that DOES make decisions for all X with a group that has no body that makes all decisions for Y. You are making a category error.
The reason Germans are responsible in your example is because Germans elected politicians to make that decision for them. They chose to be (financially) responsible (or at least a majority of them did, which in a democracy is binding on the rest). If they didn't do that then they would not even be financially responsible. It's a voluntary choice and they are entirely free to choose the other way, if enough of them agree. Perhaps they even should, but it is up to them, not me.
The point is there is no Jewish government in the same way there is a German government. Israelis certainly are responsible for the politicians they elect and the decisions they make, and if the Israeli government decided to pay reparations to Palestinians, all Israeli tax payers would be on the hook, but not all jews are Israeli.
I am white, but I am not responsible for what John Smith or George Custer, of the USA did. I am responsible for what Ian Paisley did as I voted for him to be my representative and the decisions he made had an impact on what I was responsible for. Likewise those in America who contributed to NORAID are responsible for what the IRA did with that money, but other Americans who did not, are not. Since I chose to move to the US, however I am now financially responsible for all the things the American government decides it (and therefore its tax payers) are responsible for.
For there to be collective responsibility there must be an organized collective. You yourself pointed out this was not the case with all jews. So my point is treating them like there was a collective government is wrong by your own admission. You want to knock the ADL and anyone who funds it, sure go ahead. You want to knock the Israeli government, then sure go ahead. If Joe Schmoe contributed to "Jews against white people" and they declared war against the German economy then blame Joe Schmoe and anyone else in that organization (jewish or not!).
And just to be clear if someone says white people are responsible for Nazis or slavery in the US or the Enlightenment, or the invention of haggis or whatever then they are also incorrect. Some white people would have been, but not white people in general.
You are correct that many people make bad arguments like that! But here we are supposed to try and do better and use the best versions of our arguments, not the bad ones that are used everywhere else.
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