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Notes -
because Putin isn't Yeltsin, and Russia now isn't Russia then.
Russia under Yeltsin was slumping down from a position as one of the two global superpowers. It seems to me that Putin has been trying to pull Russia out of that slump, but has had only limited success in doing so, and has incurred serious social and political costs in doing so. Russia seems stronger than it was under Yeltsin, but also more brittle. Conflict with the West seems much more serious and much more open than it was in Yeltsin's day, and played for much higher stakes.
Putin seems to be committing a lot more to this war, both in terms of men and material, and in terms of political capital. He seems to be acting as though he believes this conflict is existential, and based on what I'm seeing from Americans and the West generally, I think he's probably right to think so, certainly for himself, and probably for his country. Saddam was hung. Qaddafi was sodomized to death with a bayonet on live TV. There's ample precedent for what happens to failed leaders America doesn't particularly like. Why would Putin presume he'll fare any better?
If Russia retreats, there is zero possability that things return to the way they were before the war. The sanctions stay up. The encirclement accelerates. If Russia capitulates, it's going to get the 1919 Germany treatment, not the 1945 Germany treatment. Nothing like that was on the table during the Chechen war, so why should we expect a loss to look like the Chechen loss?
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